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Industries terms
Analytics applied industry by industry, from healthcare and banking to agriculture and video games.
Clinical decision support (CDS) Software that gives clinicians patient-specific alerts or recommendations at the point of care. Clinical trial analytics Analytics applied to designing, running, and analyzing clinical trials, from site selection through final results. Electronic health record (EHR) The digital, longitudinal record of a patient's health data, maintained across their encounters with a provider. Health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) Research that measures the clinical, economic, and patient-reported value of a treatment or health intervention. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) The U.S. law that sets privacy and security rules for protected health information handled by healthcare providers and insurers. Hospital readmission rate The share of discharged patients who are readmitted to a hospital within a set window, usually 30 days. Pharmacovigilance Detecting, assessing, and monitoring adverse effects of a drug throughout its use, especially after approval. Population health management (PHM) Using aggregated patient data to improve health outcomes and control cost across a defined group of people, not just individuals. Real-world evidence (RWE) Clinical evidence about how a treatment performs, generated from real-world data instead of a controlled trial. Risk adjustment Statistically normalizing outcome or cost comparisons to account for how sick, old, or otherwise high-risk a population is. Credit scoring Ranking a borrower's creditworthiness with a numeric score derived from their credit history and other data. Loss given default (LGD) The share of an exposure a lender expects to lose if a borrower actually defaults, after recoveries. Net interest margin (NIM) A bank's net interest income as a share of its interest-earning assets, a core measure of lending profitability. Probability of default (PD) The estimated likelihood that a borrower fails to make required payments on a debt within a given time horizon. Underwriting analytics Data analysis used to decide whether to accept a risk and at what price, in insurance and lending alike. Actuarial modeling Statistical modeling of future insurance losses, used to set premium prices and reserve for future claims. Catastrophe model (cat model) A model that simulates potential natural disasters and estimates the resulting financial losses across an insured portfolio. Claims analytics Applying analytics to insurance claims data to speed processing, control cost, and detect fraud. Combined ratio An insurer's total claims and expenses as a share of premium earned, the standard measure of underwriting profitability. Exposure data The detailed inventory of assets, locations, values and characteristics at risk that a catastrophe or risk model runs against. Loss ratio The share of insurance premium collected that is paid out in claims, a core measure of underwriting profitability. Physical climate risk The risk to assets, operations or people from climate-related physical hazards, both sudden events and long-term shifts. Probable maximum loss (PML) The largest loss an insurer or asset owner expects from a single severe event, at a specified probability threshold. Return period The average time expected between two events of a given severity, such as a 100-year flood, based on historical frequency. Usage-based insurance (UBI) Insurance priced from how, how much, or how safely a policyholder actually behaves, rather than fixed demographic factors alone. Authorization rate The share of attempted card or bank payments that the issuer approves rather than declines. Chargeback rate The share of a merchant's transactions that a cardholder disputes and the issuer reverses. Payment success rate The share of attempted payments that complete successfully, from checkout initiation through to settlement. Dynamic pricing Automatically adjusting prices in near real time based on demand, inventory, timing, and competitor behavior. Footfall analytics Measuring and analyzing how many people enter, move through, and dwell in a physical space, most often a retail store. Markdown optimization Using data and models to decide when, how much, and on which products to cut price so excess inventory clears at the best return. Planogram A diagram specifying exactly where each product goes on a shelf or fixture, used to plan and audit retail layouts. Retail media network (RMN) An advertising platform run by a retailer that sells ad placements on its own site, app, or in-store screens using its shopper data. Same-store sales (comparable-store sales, comps) Revenue growth measured only at locations that were open throughout both the current and prior comparison periods. Sell-through rate The share of stocked inventory that actually sells within a given period, usually expressed as a percentage. Digital twin A live virtual model of a physical asset or process, kept synchronized with real sensor data, used to simulate and predict behavior. First-pass yield (FPY) The percentage of units that come out of a process correctly on the first attempt, with no rework or scrap. Mean time between failures (MTBF) The average time a repairable system operates between one failure and the next, used to measure reliability. Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) A composite manufacturing metric combining availability, performance, and quality into one score of how well equipment is used. Predictive maintenance Using sensor data and models to predict when equipment is likely to fail so it can be serviced before it breaks down. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) Smart meters and the communication network that lets utilities collect near real-time usage data from them. Capacity factor A power plant's actual output over a period, as a share of what it would produce running at full capacity the whole time. Degree days A measure of how much and for how long temperature departs from a reference point, used to estimate heating and cooling demand. Grid analytics Analyzing sensor and meter data from the electricity grid to balance load, detect faults, and plan investment. Load forecasting Predicting future electricity demand so utilities can plan generation, purchasing, and grid operations. Weather normalization Adjusting energy usage or other weather-sensitive data to remove the effect of unusually hot, cold or wet conditions. Average revenue per user (ARPU) The average revenue generated per subscriber or user over a defined period, typically a month or year. Cell site analytics Analyzing performance and usage data from individual cell towers to manage network capacity, coverage and quality. Network churn prediction Using network performance and usage data to predict which telecom subscribers are likely to cancel their service. Network utilization The share of a network's total available capacity that is actually being used over a given period. Quality of experience (QoE) A subjective measure of how satisfactory a network or service feels to the user, distinct from raw technical performance. Fleet telematics Collecting real-time vehicle data, location, speed, fuel use, and diagnostics, from a fleet's onboard systems and sensors. On-time performance (OTP) The share of trips, flights, deliveries, or services completed within a defined acceptable window of their scheduled time. Origin-destination (O-D) data Records of where trips start and end, used to understand travel demand across a transportation network. Route optimization Computing the most efficient sequence of stops or paths for vehicles, usually to minimize distance, time, or cost. Traffic flow analysis Measuring vehicle volume, speed, and density on a road network to identify congestion and evaluate interventions. Automated valuation model (AVM) A statistical or machine-learning model that estimates a property's market value from comparable sales and property data, without a human appraiser. Capitalization rate (cap rate) The ratio of a property's annual net operating income to its current market value, used to compare income-property returns. Occupancy rate The share of available capacity, such as hotel rooms or rental units, that is filled or in use over a given period. Average daily rate (ADR) The average revenue earned per occupied hotel room per day, excluding unsold rooms. Revenue management The discipline of selling the right unit of fixed, perishable capacity to the right customer at the right price and time. Revenue per available room (RevPAR) A hotel performance metric combining occupancy and rate into a single figure of revenue earned per available room. Crop modeling Using mathematical models of plant growth, weather and soil to simulate and forecast crop development and yield. Farm management analytics Software and data practices that track a farm's field operations, inputs and finances to support planting and business decisions. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) A satellite-derived index measuring live vegetation density and health from how plants reflect red and infrared light. Precision agriculture Using field-level data, from sensors, satellites, and GPS-guided equipment, to tailor farming inputs to specific conditions rather than whole fields. Variable-rate application (VRA) Applying seed, fertilizer or crop inputs at a rate that changes across a field instead of one uniform rate. Yield mapping Recording crop yield by GPS location during harvest to build a spatial map of how output varies across a field. Course completion rate The share of students who enroll in a course and finish it, a core measure of engagement in online and adult learning. Early warning indicators (education) Data signals such as attendance and grades that flag students at risk of falling behind or dropping out. Learning analytics Collecting and analyzing data on learners and their interactions to understand and improve learning and the environments it happens in. Student retention rate The share of students who continue enrollment from one academic period to the next, most often first year to second year. Value-added model (VAM) A statistical method estimating a teacher or school's contribution to student test-score growth, adjusted for prior scores. Audience measurement Quantifying how many people are exposed to media content and who they are, across TV, streaming, print, and digital. Gross Rating Point (GRP) A measure of total advertising exposure, calculated as reach multiplied by frequency, expressed against a target population. Paywall conversion rate The share of visitors who hit a paywall and go on to subscribe or pay for access, a core metric for publishers. Subscriber churn The rate at which paying subscribers cancel a service over a given period, the mirror image of subscriber retention. Donor lifetime value (DLV) The total giving an organization expects from a donor over the full length of their relationship with it. Donor retention rate The share of donors from one period who give again in the next period, a core measure of nonprofit fundraising health. Fundraising ROI (return on investment) The ratio of funds raised to the cost of raising them, used to compare efficiency across fundraising campaigns. Lapsed donor A donor who gave in the past but has not made a gift within an organization's defined recency window. Wealth screening Using public and third-party data to estimate a donor's capacity and likelihood to make a major gift. Average revenue per daily active user (ARPDAU) The average revenue earned per daily active user, a monetization metric common in mobile games and free-to-play apps. Game economy balancing Tuning a game's currencies, rewards and costs so progression, spending and player behavior stay in intended proportion. Live operations (live ops) The ongoing management of a live game after launch through events, content updates, and tuning based on player data. Monetization funnel The sequence of steps from installing a game to becoming a paying player, used to find where potential spenders drop off. Player retention The share of players who return to a game after a given number of days since their first session, tracked at fixed intervals like day 1, 7, and 30. Player segmentation Grouping players by behavior, spend, or engagement to target content, offers, and communication differently for each group.