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Supply Chain & Logistics terms
Demand forecasting, inventory, freight and visibility across the supply chain.
Bullwhip effect The tendency for small changes in end-customer demand to be amplified into far larger order swings further up the supply chain. Days of supply How many days current inventory would last at the recent or expected rate of usage before running out. Demand forecasting Estimating future customer demand for a product so inventory, production and staffing can be planned ahead. Fill rate The share of customer demand fulfilled immediately from available stock, without delay, backorder, or substitution. Inventory turnover How many times a company sells and replaces its inventory over a given period, usually a year. Lead time The total time between triggering an order or task and having it completed and available for use. On-time in full (OTIF) The share of customer orders delivered both on the promised date and complete, with nothing missing or short. On-time performance (OTP) The share of trips, flights, deliveries, or services completed within a defined acceptable window of their scheduled time. Procurement analytics (government) Analyzing public purchasing data to control spend, detect irregularities, and evaluate vendor and contract performance. Route optimization Computing the most efficient sequence of stops or paths for vehicles, usually to minimize distance, time, or cost. Safety stock Extra inventory held beyond expected demand to absorb variability in demand or supply lead time without running out. Sales and operations planning (S&OP) A recurring cross-functional process that aligns sales forecasts, production plans, and financial targets into one plan. Sell-through rate The share of stocked inventory that actually sells within a given period, usually expressed as a percentage. Spend analysis Analyzing an organization's purchasing data to understand what is bought, from whom, at what price, and where to save. Supply chain visibility The ability to track goods, orders, and inventory across every stage of a supply chain, often close to real time.