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Performance & Player Tracking terms
Wearables, tracking systems, workload and sports science.
Batting average on balls in play (BABIP) The batting average on balls put in play, excluding home runs and strikeouts, used to gauge how much luck shaped a batting line. Batting strike rate A cricket batter's scoring speed, runs scored per 100 balls faced, used to judge tempo rather than overall output. Box plus-minus (BPM) A basketball model estimating a player's point contribution per 100 possessions relative to league average, using only box-score stats. Break point conversion (rate) The share of break point chances a tennis player turns into a won game on the opponent's serve. Completion percentage over expected (CPOE) An American football stat comparing a quarterback's actual completion rate to the rate a model expects given each throw's difficulty. Corsi A hockey puck-possession proxy counting all shot attempts, on goal, missed or blocked, for and against while a player is on the ice. Driving accuracy The percentage of tee shots on par-4 and par-5 holes that land in the fairway, a measure of off-the-tee control. Economy rate A cricket bowler's runs conceded per over, the standard measure of how tight or expensive their bowling is. Effective field goal percentage (eFG%) A basketball shooting percentage that counts a made three-pointer as worth 1.5 field goals, reflecting its true point value. Elo rating A rating system that updates a competitor's skill estimate after each result, weighted by the strength of the opponent faced. Exit velocity The speed of a baseball as it leaves the bat immediately after contact, measured in miles per hour by tracking systems. Expected assists (xA) A soccer metric estimating the probability that a completed pass will directly lead to a goal, based on similar historic passes. Expected goals (xG) A shot-quality metric estimating the probability that a given attempt results in a goal, based on similar historic shots. Expected points added (EPA) An American football stat measuring how much a single play changes a team's expected point value on the scoreboard. Fenwick A hockey shot-attempt metric like Corsi that excludes blocked shots, counting only shots on goal and missed shots. Fielding independent pitching (FIP) A pitching metric on the ERA scale built only from strikeouts, walks, hit-by-pitches and home runs, a pitcher's most direct outcomes. Greens in regulation (GIR) The percentage of holes where a golfer reaches the green in par minus two strokes, leaving a putt for par or better. Launch angle The vertical angle, in degrees, at which a batted baseball leaves the bat relative to the ground. Load management The practice of proactively resting or limiting an athlete's workload, guided by data, to reduce the risk of injury. Motorsport telemetry Real-time sensor data streamed from a race car to the pit wall, covering speed, tyres, brakes, and engine performance. On-base plus slugging (OPS) A baseball hitting stat adding on-base percentage and slugging percentage into a single number summarizing overall production. Passes allowed per defensive action (PPDA) A soccer pressing-intensity stat measuring how many passes the opposition completes before a team makes a tackle or interception. PDO A hockey stat adding on-ice shooting percentage and save percentage, read as a rough indicator of how much puck luck a team is riding. Player efficiency rating (PER) A per-minute basketball rating that condenses a player's box-score production into one pace-adjusted number. Player tracking data High-frequency positional data recording where players and the ball move throughout play, not just discrete events. Plus-minus (+/-) The net difference in points or goals scored by a team versus its opponent while one specific player is on the field, court or ice. Possession value model A framework that assigns a value to every on-ball action in a possession based on how much it changes scoring probability. Progressive passes Completed soccer passes that advance the ball a meaningful distance toward the opponent's goal, used to gauge ball progression. Pythagorean expectation A formula estimating a team's expected win percentage from the points or runs it scores and allows, rather than its actual record. Regression to the mean (in sports) The statistical tendency for unusually good or bad performances to move back toward a player's or team's underlying average. Sabermetrics The empirical, statistics-driven study of baseball performance, valuing measurable production over traditional scouting judgment. Serve points won The share of points a tennis player wins when serving, the primary measure of how dominant their serve is. Shot quality A general term for models that grade how likely a given scoring attempt is to succeed, based on location, type and pressure. Strokes gained A golf metric comparing a player's strokes from a given position to how many strokes a benchmark player needs from there. Success rate (football) The share of American football plays that gain enough yardage, relative to down and distance, to count as a positive outcome. True shooting percentage (TS%) A basketball scoring-efficiency rate combining two-point, three-point and free-throw shooting into one number weighted by real point value. Usage rate (USG%) The estimated share of a basketball team's possessions a player ends via a shot, turnover or free-throw trip while on the court. Win probability model A statistical model estimating a team's real-time chance of winning a game given the current score, time remaining and situation. Wins above replacement (WAR) A single number estimating how many more wins a player adds over a season than a readily available replacement-level substitute.