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Baseball terms
Sabermetrics, Statcast and the numbers behind MLB.
Batting average on balls in play (BABIP) The batting average on balls put in play, excluding home runs and strikeouts, used to gauge how much luck shaped a batting line. Exit velocity The speed of a baseball as it leaves the bat immediately after contact, measured in miles per hour by tracking systems. Fielding independent pitching (FIP) A pitching metric on the ERA scale built only from strikeouts, walks, hit-by-pitches and home runs, a pitcher's most direct outcomes. Launch angle The vertical angle, in degrees, at which a batted baseball leaves the bat relative to the ground. On-base plus slugging (OPS) A baseball hitting stat adding on-base percentage and slugging percentage into a single number summarizing overall production. Pythagorean expectation A formula estimating a team's expected win percentage from the points or runs it scores and allows, rather than its actual record. Sabermetrics The empirical, statistics-driven study of baseball performance, valuing measurable production over traditional scouting judgment. Wins above replacement (WAR) A single number estimating how many more wins a player adds over a season than a readily available replacement-level substitute.